Jaacostan

In this article, i am going to share some basic information on ICMP,Ping and Trace-Route. Also see how UDP make use of ICMP for error communication. Firstly First ICMP. ICMP is a very simple ,datagram-based protocol. Many other protocols rely up on ICMP to communicate the error conditions and hence it is mainly designed for error reporting and network-based troubleshooting . Now lets familiarize with ICMP code and type. The ICMP type field identifies what type of ICMP packet is being sent. And the ICMP Code field provides much detailed information. Common types of Code and Types are mentioned below . Type 0 - Echo reply , which is usually the ping response.It says that the remote node is reachable over the network. Type 3- Destination Unreachable , Which means the remote network or node is not reachable and there may be multiple reasons for that. Btw, I have a very long story to say on ICMP Type 3, Code 3 and an affair with SNMP ,but not here :P . Type 3 ICMP used the

Cisco's firewall road-map has been interesting. They started with PIX and advanced the market with ASA. After acquiring SourceFire, they came up with Firepower services. Firepower services on ASA was offering a lot of security features and has helped to fill the feature gaps within ASA, but it was running as two separate instances. That is ASA and Firepower. Cisco has came up with Firepower Threat Defense (FTD) ,which is a unified image of ASA and Firepower. It is designed to do what ASA and what Firepower can ,together with unified management. Cisco FTD is capable of offering traditional ASA services plus NGIPS features, URL Filtering ,Application visibility and control (AVC), Advance Malware Protection, ISE Integration, SSL Decryption ,Captive Portal ,Multi-Domain Management etc. Cisco might put all its focus on FTD and eventually the traditional ASA OS might get retired. You can find more details about FTD and firepower services below.   Datasheet: https://www.cisco.